Encapsulated water treatment system

ABSTRACT

A water treatment system is provided having an encapsulate manifold with a reverse osmosis cartridge and one or more filter cartridges. The filter cartridge includes a detent for being received within a slot in the manifold head for secure locking engagement. The water treatment system further includes a single probe conductivity monitoring system for monitoring the performance of a reverse osmosis membrane. The water treatment system is also provided in a modular arrangement wherein manifold heads are physically and fluidly coupled together via a clip which interfaces with the modular manifold heads. The water treatment system also allows for a retrofit application to include a permeate pump. The cartridges are also designed to provide a minimum annular inlet gap to minimize spillage during changing of the cartridges.

This application is a continuation application of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 11/814,808, filed on Sep. 24, 2007, and whichclaims priority to International Application No. PCT/US06/03172 filedJan. 27, 2006, claiming benefit to U.S. Provisional Patent ApplicationSer. No. 60/647,680, filed Jan. 27, 2005.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to water treatment systems and, inparticular, to such systems having an encapsulated manifold head and areverse osmosis cartridge and one or more filter cartridges.

2. Description of Related Art

Reverse osmosis systems are known. The main part of the system is asemi-permeable membrane through which the untreated water passes. Suchsystems typically include an additional carbon or ceramic filter whichremoves contaminates either prior to passing through the membrane orafter. Such systems are often installed in residential applications.

The prior art includes electronic systems which detect when the reverseosmosis membrane requires replacement. Typical prior art systems includemeasuring the conductivity of the water entering the reverse osmosiscartridge, and then measuring the conductivity of the water at theoutlet of the reverse osmosis cartridge. The conductivity of the wateris proportional to the total dissolved solids. A ratio of theconductivity levels will provide an indication of the rejectionefficiency of the reverse osmosis membrane.

Prior art systems also include an application wherein a permeate pump isincluded in a factory installation. The permeate pump provides greaterefficiency in the system. The permeate pump increases the net pressureacross the reverse osmosis membrane by isolating the membrane pressurefrom the pressure in the products water and thus reducing the permeateback pressure.

The prior art also includes systems which address reducing the spillageof fluid occurring during replacement of the cartridges.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved lockingmechanism for a filter cartridge and manifold head.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide an improvedmethod of monitoring the performance of a reverse osmosis membrane in adrinking water supply system.

It is further object of the present invention to provide a modularmanifold head system.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a system forretrofitting a reverse osmosis filter system to include a permeate pumpapplication.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a cartridge whichhas a reduced inlet opening to reduce spillage during changing of thecartridge.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a water treatment system with a reverseosmosis cartridge and two filter cartridges.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a filter cartridge of FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is a top view of the filter cartridge of FIG. 2.

FIG. 4 is an exploded view of the filter cartridge of FIG. 2.

FIG. 5 is a bottom perspective view of a manifold head incorporated inthe water treatment system of FIG. 1.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a reverse osmosis membrane monitoringsystem.

FIG. 7 is a process flow chart for the system of FIG. 6.

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a modular manifold head system.

FIG. 9 is top perspective view of a modular manifold head.

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a reverse osmosis water treatmentsystem with a permeate pump.

FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the modular manifold head andcartridges of FIG. 1.

FIG. 12 is a top perspective view of a modular manifold head in apermeate pump application.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT(S)

FIG. 1 shows one embodiment of a water treatment system 10 in accordancewith the present invention. The system includes a manifold head 12, (seeFIG. 5) a first filter cartridge 14, a reverse osmosis cartridge 16 anda second filter cartridge 14. A manifold cover 20 is also shown.

FIG. 2 shows a filter cartridge 14 in accordance with the presentinvention. The filter cartridge 14 includes a housing 22 having acartridge outer annular collar 24 with a double lead thread 26. Acartridge inner annular collar 28 is also shown which includes an O ringto provide a seal. A connection fitting 32 is shown extending throughthe cartridge inner annular collar 28.

FIG. 3 shows a top view of the filter cartridge 14 and shows thecylindrical wall 34 of the cartridge inner annular collar 28, as well asthe longitudinal extending bead 36.

FIG. 4 shows the filter cartridge 14 in an exploded view so as to moreclearly show the longitudinal extending bead 36. It can be seen that thelongitudinal extending bead includes a leading end 38.

FIG. 5 shows the manifold head 12 having the filter cartridge connectionfitting 40. The filter cartridge connection fitting 40 includes athreaded outer annular collar 42 and an inner annular collar 44. Theinner annular collar 44 having an annular lip 46 and four longitudinalslots 48. The longitudinal slots 48 are equally spaced apart from oneanother.

It will be appreciated that when the filter cartridge 14 is rotated intoa fully secured position onto the connection fitting 40, the filtercartridge 14 comes to rest with the longitudinal extending beads 36being received by the respective slot 48.

FIG. 6 shows a block diagram of a system for monitoring the performanceof a reverse osmosis membrane. The system includes a microcontrollerhaving a memory wherein a program resides. The system includes a singleprobe set which is located downstream of the reverse osmosis membrane.The probe set includes a reference resistor and a thermal resistor. Themicrocontroller is coupled to a faucet LED for providing an indicationto replace the reverse osmosis cartridge. The microcontroller is alsocoupled to an onboard LED for feedback during operation of an onboardpush button also coupled to the microcontroller. A water flow sensor isalso coupled to the microcontroller.

FIG. 7 shows a block diagram which represents the functional steps asexecuted by the program resident in the memory.

FIG. 8 is an embodiment of a modular water treatment system. The watertreatment system shown in FIG. 8 includes a modular manifold head 96, amanifold cover, a first filter cartridge, a reverse osmosis cartridgeand a second filter cartridge. Also shown is a further modular manifoldhead 104 and cover, as wells as additional cartridge units. The systemof FIG. 8 provides a modular system wherein additional modular manifoldunits may be coupled to the water treatment system via a clip 110. Theclip includes a plurality of arms 112 extending from a planar bodyportion 114. Each arm 112 includes a slot 116 and a slanted leading edge118. The clip 110 also includes a tubular portion 120 extending throughthe main body portion. The tubular portion 120 includes a bore 121extending throughout the tubular portion.

Each manifold includes an end wall 98 having four openings 100.

FIG. 9 shows a perspective view of the manifold including the two endseach having four openings 100. The openings are arranged in pairs, oneabove the other. For example, lower opening and upper opening compriseone pair. Each pair of openings includes a pair of upright walls in aspaced apart facing relationship. The upright walls are shown extendingfrom the interior surface of the end wall and the lower surface of themanifold head. A flange 136 extends from the inner surface of the endwall towards the interior compartment of the manifold head. The flange136 includes an upper ramp and a lower ramp 138, 140. The flange 136includes a forward edge 142 and first and second side edges 144, 146.The forward edge is generally parallel to the end wall. The first sideedge and second side edges form the upper ramp and lower ramp. The upperramp and lower ramp diverge from one another in a direction away fromthe inner interior surface towards the interior compartment of themanifold head. One of the four flanges 136 is shown in phantom in FIG.9. The ramps include a proximal end a distal end. The proximal end islocated slightly away from the edge of the opening. The distal end isspaced in an interference relationship regarding alignment of theopening. FIG. 9 A shows additional detail.

With reference to FIG. 8, it will be appreciated that as the clip 110 isinserted into the openings of the manifold head to the right of thefigure, the slanted edge of each of the resilient arms 112 will bedeflected by the respective ramp. Once the clip 110 if fully insertedthrough the four openings 100, the slot will extend past the distal endand the two arm pairs will clamp about the respective distal end withthe edge of the slot coming into locking engagement with the distal endof the ramp. Meanwhile, the tubular portion 120 will be received by thetube fitting connector for sealing engagement. The other modularmanifold head will be coupled in similar manner.

FIG. 10 shows a graphical representation of a water treatment systemwherein an automatic shut-off valve cover may be removed and replacedwith another cover adapted to accommodate a permeate pump application.With reference to FIG. 11, a cross-section of a water treatment systemis shown including the modular manifold head, first cartridge, reverseosmosis cartridge and second filter cartridge. The manifold head isshown to include a connection fitting for receiving the respectiveconnection fitting of the reverse osmosis cartridge. The manifold headincludes a first manifold access port for coupling to an output of areverse osmosis cartridge, a second manifold access port coupled to anoutput of a reverse osmosis stage. A non-permeate pump cover is adaptedto seal the first and second access ports for a non-permeate pumpapplication. A permeate pump cover is adapted to also seal the first andsecond access ports and includes a permeate pump output port whichreceives a tube fitting connector. The permeate pump cover includes afirst access and a second access port and a flow channel incommunication with the first and second access ports, as well as thepermeate pump output port. A check valve assembly is located in thefirst access port for coupling the output of the reverse osmosiscartridge. The second cover includes a substantially planer body portionwhich defines a first end and a second end. Mounting holes are providedfor fastening the cover to the manifold head.

The manifold includes a lower diaphragm receptacle portion having anopened upper portion. The second cover includes an upper diaphragmreceptacle portion for mating with the opened upper portion to form adiaphragm cavity which receives a diaphragm. The upper diaphragmreceptacle portion includes an opening and fluid communication with thefluid channel. The manifold head includes a flow channel coupled to anoutput port of a pre-filter stage and an input port of the reverseosmosis stage, wherein the flow channel is in fluid communication withthe lower diaphragm receptacle portion of the manifold head. It willappreciated that the water treatment system may be assembled at thefactory with a non-permeate pump cover, wherein the plug is provided atthe permeate pump output port. A retrofit kit may be provided whereinthe first cover is removed and replaced with the second cover having thetube fitting connector. A quarter inch tubing may then be coupled to thetube fitting connector and extend through a routing hole as shown inFIG. 12. The tubing extends downward and to a permeate pump as shown inFIG. 10. The permeate pump has a permeate outport having a tubing whichruns to a T-connector. The T-connector has a further tubing coupled to astorage tank, as well a tubing coupled back to the manifold head. Thebrine side of the permeate pump includes a brine end from the drain flowof the manifold head and a brine out tubing which couples to the drainpoint. For sake of completeness, the tubing is also shown coming fromthe supply inlet and tubing is shown going to the faucet.

The installation kit includes at a minimum the second cover and furthermay include a replacement check valve, as well replacement O rings,tubing, fasteners and installation instructions.

FIG. 11 also shows the filter cartridge having a reduced gap at theconnection fitting in order to minimize spillage during changing of thefilter cartridge. The novel features of the filter cartridge areexplained below. However, it will be apparent that the features can beincorporated into the reverse osmosis cartridge as well.

The filter cartridge includes external cartridge housing having acylindrical portion with a top portion and a bottom portion. The bottomportion has a closed end. The top portion includes a shoulder having agenerally cylindrical neck portion extending upward from the shoulder.The cylindrical neck portion defines a portion of a connection fitting.The cylindrical neck portion defines a cylindrical bore having acylindrical bore wall which defines a first diameter. The cylindricalbore wall includes an annular ring protruding from the wall and defininga second diameter which is smaller than the first diameter. An internalcartridge housing includes a top portion with a shoulder, a tube portionextending upward from the internal shoulder, and the tube portiondefining an outlet bore. The tube portion defines an outer diameterhaving a third diameter, wherein the third diameter is smaller than thefirst and second diameter. The tube portion and the annular ring definea cartridge inlet having an annular gap. It will be appreciated that theannular gap is minimized by this design and thereby reduces thelikelihood of spillage. The manifold head is adapted to conform with thefilter cartridge. In particular, the manifold head includes a connectionfitting which includes an internal annular collar having a lengthdefined such that when the cartridge is assembled to the manifold, theinternal annular collar extends around the tube portion and up to theannular ring, with a minimum spacing for tolerance.

While the present invention has been particularly described, inconjunction with a specific preferred embodiment, it is evident thatmany alternatives, modifications and variations will be apparent tothose skilled in the art in light of the foregoing description. It istherefore contemplated that the appended claims will embrace any suchalternatives, modifications and variations as falling within the truescope and spirit of the present invention.

1-44. (canceled)
 45. A water treatment system comprising: a cartridgehaving: an external cartridge housing, the housing having a cylindricalportion with a top portion and a bottom portion, the bottom portionhaving a closed end, the top portion having a shoulder with a generallycylindrical neck portion extending upward from the shoulder, thecylindrical neck portion defining a portion of a connection fitting, thecylindrical neck portion defining a cylindrical bore having acylindrical bore wall which defines a first diameter, the cylindricalbore wall having an annular ring protruding from the wall and defining asecond diameter which is smaller than the first diameter; an internalcartridge housing within the external cartridge housing and having a topportion, with a shoulder, a tube portion extending upward from theinternal shoulder, the tube portion defining an outlet bore, the tubeportion defining an outer diameter having a third diameter, the thirddiameter is smaller than the first and second diameters, the tubeportion and the annular ring define a cartridge inlet having an annulargap.
 46. The system of claim 45, further comprising a manifold headhaving a connection fitting which includes an internal annular collarhaving a length defined such that with the cartridge assembled to themanifold, the internal annular collar extends around the tube portionand extends adjacent the annular ring.
 47. A filter cartridgecomprising: an external cartridge housing including a top end, a bottomend, and a filter portion extending longitudinally between said top endand said bottom end, said filter portion including a housing wall havingan inside surface and an outside surface; said top end including: ashoulder, said shoulder and said housing wall inside surface forming aninner annular groove peripheral about said top end; and a neck portionextending longitudinally beyond said shoulder and having at least onelongitudinal bead on said neck portion extending outwards in thedirection of said outside surface, said neck portion having an aperturefor fluid flow; and an internal cartridge housing within said externalcartridge housing, having a protruding portion extending through saidaperture of said neck portion and forming an annular gap with saidaperture of said neck portion to allow fluid flow, said protrudingportion of said internal cartridge housing having an aperture for fluidflow.
 48. The filter cartridge of claim 47 including an outer annularcollar releasably attachable to said filter cartridge having a bottomlip for insertion within said inner annular groove of said filtercartridge.
 49. The filter cartridge of claim 48 including said outerannular collar having a double lead thread on an inner surface toreleasably attach to a filter manifold.
 50. The filter cartridge ofclaim 47 wherein said top end includes an annular lip on said housingwall with at least one longitudinal slot formed therein.
 51. The filtercartridge of claim 47 wherein said top end includes an annular lip onsaid housing wall with a plurality of longitudinal slots formed thereinand equally spaced apart from one another.
 52. An annular collar havingan outside surface, and inside surface, a top end, and a bottom end,said annular collar releasably attachable to a filter cartridge on saidannular collar bottom end and to a manifold on said annular collar topend, comprising: a double lead thread on said inside surface adapted tomate with a corresponding outer threaded connector on said manifold; andan extended lip portion on said bottom end for mating with an annulargroove on said filter cartridge.
 53. The annular collar of claim 52including having at least one longitudinal extending bead which isreceived by a respective slot on said filter cartridge.
 54. The annularcollar of claim 52 wherein said double lead thread includes acircumference, a first thread, and a second thread, said first andsecond threads being interwoven and extending around approximately saidcircumference, wherein said first thread is offset from said secondthread.
 55. The annular collar of claim 54 wherein said first thread isoffset from said second thread by approximately 180 degrees.
 56. Afilter cartridge comprising: an external cartridge housing including atop end, a bottom end, and a filter portion extending longitudinallybetween said top end and said bottom end, said filter portion includinga housing wall having an inside surface and an outside surface; said topend including: a shoulder, said shoulder and said housing wall insidesurface forming an inner annular groove peripheral about said top end;and a neck portion extending longitudinally beyond said shoulder andhaving at least one longitudinal bead on said neck portion extendingoutwards in the direction of said outside surface, said neck portionhaving an aperture for fluid flow; an internal cartridge housing withinsaid external cartridge housing, having a protruding portion extendingthrough said aperture of said neck portion and forming an annular gapwith said aperture of said neck portion to allow fluid flow, saidprotruding portion of said internal cartridge housing having an aperturefor fluid flow; and an annular collar having an outside surface, andinside surface, a top end, and a bottom end, said annular collarreleasably attachable to a filter cartridge on said annular collarbottom end and a manifold on said annular collar top end, comprising: adouble lead thread on said inside surface adapted to mate with acorresponding outer threaded connector on said manifold; and an extendedlip portion on said annular collar bottom end for mating with an annulargroove on said external filter cartridge.
 57. A filter cartridgecomprising: an external cartridge housing having a cylindrical portionwith a top portion and a bottom portion, the top portion having ashoulder with a generally cylindrical neck portion extending upward fromthe shoulder, the cylindrical neck portion defining a portion of aconnection fitting and having a cylindrical bore wall defining a firstdiameter, the cylindrical bore wall having an annular ring protrudingfrom the wall and defining a second diameter smaller than the firstdiameter; and an internal cartridge housing within the externalcartridge housing and having a top portion with a shoulder, a tubeportion extending upward from the internal shoulder, the tube portionhaving a third diameter smaller than the second diameter, the tubeportion and annular ring define a cartridge inlet having an annular gap.